Moors
is used in this article to describe the medieval
A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. The word Muslim
means one who submits and implies
complete submission to the will of God (Allah). Muslims believe that nature is
itself Islamic, since it follows natural laws placed by God. Thus, a Muslim
strives to surrender to God's commands every step of the way. The holiest book for Muslims is the Qur'an, or the 'Koran' in
English. Muslims consider the Arabic Qur'an as the direct revelation of God;
translations do exist to other languages but are not regarded as the literal
word of God. ..... . inhabitants
of Al-Andalus is the Arabic
name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the
Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). As the
territory was slowly regained by Christians fighting from northern enclaves, in
the long process known as the Reconquista,
the name came to refer only to the Muslim-dominated lands of the South, the
former Roman Hispania Baetica, with an ever-southward-moving frontier. .....
. and the (see also North Africa, Arab Maghreb Union, Mashreq) The Maghreb (or
Moghreb), meaning "west" in Arabic, is the region of the continent of
Africa north of the Sahara desert and west of the Nile - specifically, the
modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and to a lesser extent Libya and
Mauritania. Its mixed Arab-Berber inhabitants were traditionally called Moors by
Europeans. From ..... . , whose culture is often called "Moorish". For
other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) After the
Maghreb came under Muslim rule, the term Moors was transferred in European usage to refer to any
non-Christian inhabitants of the area; and after North African Muslims conquered
Spain, it came to refer equally to Muslims in Spain. Since North Africans were
darker-skinned than Europeans (although not black), "Moor" eventually
came to be applied indiscriminately by English speakers to blacks, Muslims,
Saracens, Persians, or Indians. Shakespeare's Othello was "the Moor of
Venice". During the 17th century, Africans were sometimes distinguished
from others as blackamoors. . or Blackamoors
seems to be derived from Moors and often shortened as Moor(germ.
Mohr). There are signs that the word Moor not only were used for the maures but
also for the black african people. So there are christian Monks from
Abyssinian(Ethiopian) known in Germany. Sardinia
got a sign with four moore-heads(quattro mori) in the year 1479 by the spains,
perhaps caused in the Saracen Assaults from North Africa .....
. . The name derives from the
ancient The Berbers (also
called Amazigh, "free men",
pl. Imazighen) are the indigenous
inhabitants of the Maghreb, a predominantly Caucasoid, predominantly Muslim
ethnic group living in northern Africa. They speak the Berber languages of the
Afroasiatic family. There are between 14 and 25 million speakers of Berber
languages in North Africa (see Berber languages#Population.) Through .....
tribe of the Mauri may refer
to: In the Maori language of New
Zealand, Mauri means the life force
which binds together every branch of Maoridom into one entity. In Polynesian mythology, Mauri
is the soul of a person which lives on after death. It is roughly equivalent to
the western ghost - see Mauri (soul). The
Mauri were the people of Mauretania
(not the same as Mauritania), and gave their name to the Moors.
..... C and their kingdom.
In politics, a country over which a king or queen reigns, is a kingdom,
see: monarchy. In biological
taxonomy (the study of the classification of organisms), the broadest category
is a kingdom, see: kingdom (biology).
..... Click the link for more
information. , For
the ships of this name, see RMS Mauretania. Mauretania was a Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north
Africa (named after the Mauri tribe, after whom the Moors were named),
corresponding to western Algeria and northern Morocco. With the rise of the
Roman Empire it became a Roman client kingdom. The Romans placed Juba II of
Numidia there as client-king; when Juba died in AD 23, his Roman-educated son
Ptolemy of Mauretania succeeded him on the throne, but Caligula killed him in AD
40, and annexed Mauretania directly as a Roman province, divided into Mauretania
Tingitana named after its capital tingis (now Tangier) corresponding to Morocco, and Mauretania
Caesarensis, comprising western and central Algeria as far as Kabylie. .....
which became a The
Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843–1806). The Roman
Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman state in the
centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Caesar Augustus.
Although Rome possessed a collection of tribute-states for centuries before the
autocracy of Augustus, the pre-Augustan state is conventionally described as the
Roman Republic. The difference between the Roman
Empire and the Roman Republic
lies primarily in the governing bodies and their relationship to each other. .....
province after its last king Bocchus II willed it to
Octavian: Caesar Augustus
(Latin: IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD
14), known earlier in his life as Gaius
Julius Caesar Octavius or Octavianus,
was the first Roman Emperor and is traditionally considered the greatest.
Although he preserved the outward form of the Roman Republic, he ruled as an
autocrat for more than 40 years. He ended a century of civil wars and gave Rome
an era of peace, prosperity, and imperial greatness. He is generally known to
historians by the title "Augustus" (revered one), which he acquired in
27 BC. ..... in 33BC...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century
BC - 1st century Decades: 80s
BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC
- 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years:
38 BC 37 BC 36 BC 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC
32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC Births
Deaths
Events
Alexander Helios claimant King of Armenia, Media and Parthia marries
Princess Iotapa of Media, daughter of King Artavasdes I of Media.
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus becomes Roman Consul for the second time.
His partner is Lucius Volcacius Tullus.
..... Mauretania lay in present day Morrocco: المملكة
المغربية
Al
Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah In
Detail (Full size) Official language Arabic Capital Rabat Largest City
Casablanca King Mohammed VI Prime Minister Driss Jettou Area - Total Ranked 56th
446,550 km² Population - Total
(2003) - Density 31,689,267 70/km²
Ranked 36th Independence (From France)
March 2, 1956 Currency Dirham Time zone UTC Internet TLD .MA Calling Code
212 ..... and Western
Algeria is a country in
northern Africa with a coast on the Mediterranean Sea along the north and
bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast,
Mali and Mauritania in the southwest, and Morocco in the west (the Moroccan
border is closed http://www.sahara-overland.com/routes/ ). The country is
formally named the People’s Democratic
Republic of Algeria ..... . . The
name of Mauri was applied by the Romans to all non-romanized natives of North
Africa is the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert,
comprising the Maghreb, including Libya and Egypt, and also by some definitions
the Sudan. North Africa is vastly
more uniform ethnically than anywhere in Africa south of the Sahara. It is
principally inhabited by Arabs and Berbers, who are scarcely distinguishable
physically. The Berbers are the indigenous people in the Maghreb, but their
origins are not entirely clear. .....
still ruled by their own chiefs, until the 3rd century.... (2nd century - 3rd
century - 4th century - other centuries)
Events The
Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman
east. (230 - 232 AD). Crisis of the
Third Century shakes Roman Empire Emperor
Valerian I is taken captive by the Persian King of Kings Shapur I. (260 AD).
End of Yayoi era and beginning of Kofun period, the first part of the
Yamato period in Japan. Sarnath becomes a center of Buddhist arts in India
Diffusion of maize as a food crop from Mexico into North America begins
..... Anno
Domini (Latin: "In the year of the Lord"), or more completely Anno
Domini Nostri Jesu Christi ("in the year of our Lord Jesus
Christ"), commonly abbreviated AD
or A.D., is the designation used to
number years in the dominant Christian
Era in the world today. This is the conventional designation now used with
the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It defines an epoch based on the
traditionally reckoned year of the birth of Jesus. Years before the epoch were
denoted ..... In AD 711
Years: 707 708 709 710 - 711 -
712 713 714 715 Decades: 680s 690s
700s - 710s - 720s 730s 740s Centuries:
7th century - 8th century - 9th
century See
also: phone number 711. Events
April 30 - Ummayad troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar and
begin their invasion of Spain. July
19 - Ummayad Moors conquer the Iberian peninsula after the Battle of Guadalete
Philippicus incites a revolt against Justinian II, and upon the latter's
death declares himself Byzantine emperor Childebert
II succeeded by Dagobert III ..... some Moors invaded The Visigoths, originally Tervingi,
or Vesi ("the noble ones"),
one of the two main branches of the Goths (of which the Ostrogothi were the other), were one of the loosely-termed
"Germanic peoples" that disturbed the late Roman Empire. After the
"fall" of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued to play a
major role in western European affairs for another 250 years. .....
Click the link for more information. Christian
is: a follower of the faith of Christianity a popular first name and surname, especially in Northern
Europe According to the New
Testament, those who followed Jesus as his disciples were first called
Christians by those who did not share their faith, in the city of Antioch.
The use of Christian as a personal name derives from its use to describe
followers of Christianity. .....
Reino
de España Regne
d'Espanya Reino de España Espainiako Erresuma (In
Detail) Coat of Arms National
motto: Plus Ultra (further beyond)
Official languages Spanish (Castilian) (in some autonomous communities, Catalan,
Basque or Galician are co-official; in the Val d'Aran, the Aranese dialect of
Occitan is co-official) .....
. Under their leader Tariq ibn
Ziyad (d. 720) was a Berber Muslim general who led the conquest of Visigoth
Spain in 711. He was initially the deputy of Musa ibn Nusair in North Africa,
and was sent by his superior to Spain in order to intervene at the request of
the heirs of the Visigothic King Witiza, in the Visigothic civil war.
On April 30, 711 the armies of Tariq landed at Gibraltar (the name Gibraltar
is derived from the Arabic name Jabal
Tariq, which means mountain of Tariq).
Upon landing, Tariq famously ordered all the ships to be burnt and issued the
following proclamation: .....
they brought most of Spain and Portugal under Islamic rule in an eight-year
campaign. They attempted to move northeast across the
For other meanings see:
Pyrenees, Victoria and Montes Pyrenaeus.
The Pyrenees (Spanish Pirineos,
French Pyrénées, Catalan Pirineus,
Basque Auñamendi) are a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a
natural border between France and Spain. They separate the Iberian Peninsula
from France, and extend for about 430km from the Bay of Biscay on the Atlantic
Ocean to Cap de Creus on the Mediterranean Sea. ..... . Mountains but were defeated by the The Franks
formed one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire
from Frisia as foederati and
established a lasting realm in an area that covers part of today's France, and
Germany (Franconia), forming the historic kernel of both these two modern
countries. The Frankish realm
underwent many partitions and repartitions, since the Franks divided their
property ..... See
also: Charles Martel d'Anjou (1271-1295). Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) (August 23, 686- October 22 741)
was born in Herstal, Wallonia, Belgium, the illegitimate son of Pepin II (635 or
640 - December 16 714) and his concubine Apaida or Chalpaida.
Although he was Mayor of the Palace of the kingdom of the Franks, Martel
(Martel means "the Hammer")
is best remembered for winning the Battle of Tours (more correctly the Battle of
Poitiers) in 732, which has been characterized as the salvation of Europe from
the Arab menace. Martel's Frankish army defeated an Arab army fighting to spread
Islam, which had swept through southern Asia and north Africa, before conquering
most of the Iberian peninsula and much of southern France. .....
at the Battle of Tours Conflict Muslim invasion of Europe Date
October 10, 732 Place Between Tours and Poitiers Result Frankish victory
Combatants Franks Andalusian Muslims Commanders Charles Martel Abd er Rahman
Strength Possibly 15-75,000 Possibly 60-400,000 cavalry Casualties Unknown
Unknown Battle before Battle after Battle of Toulouse (none) The Battle of Tours
(more often called the Battle of Poitiers)
was fought on October 10, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles
Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman. During the battle, the
Franks defeated the Islamic army and Emir Abd er Rahman was killed. The result
of this battle stopped the northward advance of Islam from Spain. .....
Years:
728 729 730 731 - 732 - 733 734 735 736 Decades:
700s 710s 720s - 730s - 740s 750s
760s Centuries: 7th century - 8th
century - 9th century Events
October 10 - Battle of
Tours: Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men,
defeat a large army of Moors, stopping the Muslims from spreading into Western
Europe. The governor of Cordoba, Abd-ar-Rahman, is killed during the battle.
..... . The Moors ruled in
Spain and Portugal, except for small areas in the northwest and largely This
article is about the Basque people. For the article of clothing, see basque
(clothing). The Basques
("Euskaldunak") are an indigenous people who inhabit parts
of both Spain and France. They are found predominantly in four provinces in
Spain and three in France. This area is to be found around the western edge of
the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay. ..... . regions in the Pyrenees, and in North Africa for several
decades. The Moorish state suffered civil conflict in the
Centuries: 7th century - 8th
century - 9th century Decades:
700s - 710s - 720s - 730s - 740s - 750s
- 760s - 770s - 780s - 790s - 800s Years:
750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759
Events: ..... .
The country then broke up into a number of mostly Islamic fiefdom.
Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom,
fief, feud or fee, consisted of
heritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return
for a vassal knight's service (usually fealty, military service, and security).
It usually required the vassal to obey conditions of customary and specified
homage and fealty. In theory, a fief would provide revenue to equip and support
the vassal knight to serve the liege lord. The fief was granted but remained in
the ownership of the liege lord. The lord did not have the right to withdraw the
fief (unless the vassal broke his obligation) or to increase the dues for a
fief. ..... which were consolidated
under the Caliphate of Cordoba. Christian states based in the north and west
slowly extended their power over Portugal and eventually became in
the next several centuries. This period is known for the tolerant acceptance of
Christians, Muslim and Jew living in the same territories. Although, the
Caliphate of Córdoba collapsed in 1031 and the Islamic territory in Spain came
to be ruled by North African Moors. In 1212 a coalition of Christian kings under the leadership
of Alfonso VIII of Castile drove the Muslims from Central However
the Moorish Kingdom of Granada thrived for three more centuries. This kingdom is
known in modern times for such architectural gems as the Alhambra. On January 2,
1492, Boabdil the leader of the last Muslim stronghold in Granada
surrendered to armies of a recently united Christian Spain. The remaining
Muslims were forced to leave Spain or convert to Christianity. These descendants
of the Muslims were named morisco. They were an important portion of the
peasants in some territories, like Aragon, Valencia, or Andalusia, until their
systematic expulsion in the years from 1609 to 1614. Henre Lapeyre has
estimated that this affected 300,000 out of a total of 8 million inhabitants at
the time. The expelled Moors mostly went to Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia,
and helped to develop their culture.
In heraldry the Moor is shown as Sub-Saharan African.
See also: Islamic architecture, Othello, the Moor of Venice.
Not to be confused with moor land.
References
in classic literature:More
<http://www.thefreelibrary.com/bs.asp?ss=text&s=Moors>
<http://www.thefreelibrary.com/bs.asp?ss=text&s=Moors>There
are stalwart Bedouins of the desert here, and stately Moors proud of a history
that goes back to the night of time; and Jews whose fathers fled hither
centuries upon centuries ago; and swarthy Riffians from the mountains--born
cut-throats--and original, genuine Negroes as black as Moses; and howling
dervishes and a hundred breeds of Arabs--all sorts and descriptions of people
that are foreign and curious to look upon. The
Innocents Abroad <http://twain.thefreelibrary.com/The-Innocents-Abroad>
by Twain, Mark <http://twain.thefreelibrary.com/>
View in context <http://twain.thefreelibrary.com/The-Innocents-Abroad/9-1>It
happened that he had appointed to go out in this boat, either for pleasure or
for fish, with two or three Moors of some distinction in that place, and for
whom he had provided extraordinarily, and had, therefore, sent on board the boat
overnight a larger store of provisions than ordinary; and had ordered me to get
ready three fusees with powder and shot, which were on board his ship, for that
they designed some sport of fowling as well as fishing. Robinson
Crusoe <http://defoe.thefreelibrary.com/Robinson-Crusoe> by Defoe,
Daniel <http://defoe.thefreelibrary.com/> View
in context <http://defoe.thefreelibrary.com/Robinson-Crusoe/2-1>I
really cannot say now whether I loved the Moors or the Spaniards more.
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Daughters
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