Intervals


Whole-step and Half-step building blocks


An interval is the distance from one note to another. It is a distance! It is not a note. You cannot have an interval if you have only one note.

Intervals have two-part names. The first part (major, minor, perfect, diminished, or augmented) refers to the color of the interval. The second part is a number representing the number of note names the two are apart from each other. Intervals fall into one of two families. The major/minor family, or the perfect family.

2nds, 3rds, 6ths, and 7ths are in the major/minor family.

4ths, 5ths, and octaves (8ths) are in the perfect family.

a minor 2nd = One half-step (E to F, B to C, A to Bb, and so on)
a major 2nd = One whole-step (C to D, D to E, E to F#, and so on)
a minor 3rd = One and a half steps (E to G, A to C, G to Bb, and so on)
a major 3rd = two whole-steps (C to E, D to F#, G to B, and so on)
a perfect 4th = two and a half steps (C to F, G to C, F to Bb, and so on)
an augmented 4th = three whole-steps (C to F#, E to A#, and so on)
a diminished 5th = 2 whole-steps and 2 half-steps (E to Bb, B to Eb . . . )
(please note that except for naming conventions, aug 4th and dim 5th are the same distance)
a minor 6th = 3 whole-steps and two half-steps (A to F, E to C . . .)
a major 6th = 4 whole-steps and a half-step (C to A, G to E . . . )
a minor 7th = 4 whole-steps and two half-steps (C to Bb, G to F . . . )
a major 7th = 5 whole-steps and one half-step ( C to B, G to F# . . . )
an octave (8th) is the distance from a named note to the next higher or lower note of the same name (C to C, D to D, F# to F# . . . )


The Ultimate Chord User's Guide has some excellent text lessons on music theory as relates to a guitar. The following is a brief excerpt.

You can order the book here if you are interested:

Hal Leonard Ultimate Guitar Chord User s Guide Book

Hal Leonard Ultimate Guitar Chord User s Guide Book

This complete guide to chords not only gives you forms, positions, and fingerings, but also shows you how chords are used in music. It includes 2 helpful sections of music theory information that teach you how to find, alter, and substitute chords, as well as explanations of harmonic functions, modes, and blues harmony. With over 800 chord forms illustrated and tables of moveable chord forms, this book will expand your chord knowledge and control to the max. 96 pages.


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