Battle Report #9: Arab Raid and Byzantine Ambush

 

This is an old favourite scenario. It is not balanced in points and involves mostly Byzantine allied and thematic troops springing a trap against a strong 10th c. Arab recon force weighed down with hostages and loot.

               

Deployment and terrain

The setting was most impressive. As the Arab columns, advancing through the deep gorge, were coming up to the dry wadi, they were still apprehensive of the towering hills to their right and the rocky outcrops to their left that became smoother as they approached the exit of the gorge.

Leading the column were a few hundred Bedouin scouts on camels, followed by camel-mounted infantry (two units of 1500 men each). Behind them rode their emir with his 1000-strong bodyguard cavalry. The van was flanked by a few light javelinmen and slingers on both sides. In the middle of the column rode the Arab commander of the expedition and his own retinue of 1000 heavy horsemen. They, in turn were flanked by over 2000 light horse lancers on both sides and a few more light armed troops. Behind them came a strong force of mounted foot bowmen (1500) and the rearguard, which included more cavalry (1000), light horse lancers (1000), the booty, 1500 mounted bowmen and a few more javelinmen.

The column stretched for quite a way and only needed to cross the bridge over the steep wadi to be safe. Little did they know that the troops of the region, under the Protonotarios of the Armeniakon theme, had already raided and destroyed the local Arab garrison and were waiting in ambush. The Byzantine force was small and consisted of some 2500 light archers, crossbowmen and slingers, two thematic cavalry tagmata of 1000 men (ill-equipped), one 700-strong band of Frankish mercenaries under their own leader, two large units of -not exceptional- Asian light horse  and a small 500-strong force of Imperial Marines who had lost their ships a few weeks before.

The problem of the Byzantines was that they lacked a coherent plan and that they had mistimed their crossing of the wadi bridge with their heavier troops until it was almost too late.

 

The Battle

The first indication the Arabs had that something was amiss, just as the column was exiting the gorge, came when Asian light horsemen appeared over the crest of the hills to their right shooting very rapidly at the bewildered camel scouts in front. They were joined moments later by crossbowmen appearing near the rear of the column and by slingers near the middle. It was a trap!

                The Arab commander in front had little experience and was on his first real mission away from his uncle (which is why he had failed to reconnoitre this last pass in the first place). The camelmen did not last long and their camels were mostly shot under them before they had a chance to react. The only troops to move effectively were the flank guards, brave Kurdish javelinmen, who immediately attacked the enemy slingers and crossbowmen.

The Arabs had only begun to settle down from their surprise when more enemy archers and slingers appeared to the left this time. They could see what was happening, but their C-in-C had no idea what to do. Instead of moving forward at full speed he stopped the column and sent all light troops to chase off the enemy, left and right. His heavy infantry did nothing but sit behind its shields and suffer the odd casualty.

 

The rearguard commander, the most experienced, was very anxious about the halt and wanted to gallop ahead to secure the passage, but the entire column was in mayhem. The bowmen, just in front of the rearguard, were deploying to shoot at the infidels to the right, which they did successfully after a short exchange of shooting. This allowed the light javelinmen to scale the steep cliffs and chase the few Rumi survivors, but at some cost to themselves. The light cavalry lancers further ahead also charged the Asian horse archers over the lower hills near the wadi and the C-in-C could see with satisfaction that they managed to scatter most of them. The situation on the right seemed to be under control when, all of a sudden, the victorious light horse lancers were seen fighting against more opposition. Could they have come up against heavier enemy forces?

 

On the left, the situation was not as promising and the enemy archers and slingers were taking their toll of the foot below forcing the Arab C-in-C in the centre to order a limited attack with his heavy cavalry. It was a bad idea. Half measures cannot succeed and despite his capturing over 300 of the enemy with this unsupported attack, he lost almost half his bodyguard in the process. Worse still, the remnants with himself at their front, went off raging in pursuit and disappeared over the hills. The  centre of the column simply froze in place unable to move. Only the bowmen proved effective by moving ahead to cover the gap left by the departing horsemen.

 

The rearguard, without much knowledge of what was happening further ahead suddenly saw with horror a small force (about 700-strong) of enemy horse archers coming their way from behind the hills to their right. The commander gathered his bodyguard and the light Bedouin lancers and moved off to meet them before they could attack the precious baggage. The infantry bowmen were still a long way behind and by the time they assembled the mounted force had to charge unsupported. Fortunately, their opponents’ shooting left a lot to be desired. They charged over and over against the evading horse archers and the third time success! They caught them and sent them fleeing towards the bridge, behind the hills. No more threat from that quarter.

 

Meanwhile, on the hills in the centre-right, the situation was becoming critical. The Arab light horse was nowhere in sight and its place had been taken by what appeared to be enemy heavy horse, although it did not appear to be moving in any threatening way. In the gorge below, the inexperienced leader of the vanguard had finally begun to move, but was strangely deploying his heavy infantry in a blocking position across the gorge. A few minutes later the reason became apparent to all: the bridge was being crossed by what appeared to be heavy horsemen of the western sort. They appeared well-mounted and their equipment seemed first rate. Could they be the feared Franks of the west? What was worse, enemy mounted troops appeared to have crossed the wadi further to the left, which meant they must have found a crossing.

 

Having cleared the right from the enemy horse archers the rearguard commander thought he had finally prevailed, but at that moment, the Arab C-in-C appeared over the hill to their left pursued by enemy light horsemen! Their position was rapidly becoming precarious. The Frankish heavy horsemen up front had completely avoided the blocking force of infantry, which were being assaulted by Rumi cavalry instead, and were coming directly towards the rearguard through the lower hills on their right. As an experienced leader he decided that it was time to support the rest of the column and stop protecting the loot so he ordered an all out charge with his cavalry against the oncoming Franks. By the time his lancers approached their foes it became painfully apparent that there were no more friendlies on their flanks and their charge was met by more enemy horse archers, light crossbowmen -survivors of earlier engagements- and the Franks themselves. Both the heavy horse and the light lancers fought well, pushing the Franks back, but the enemy was uphill and had the advantage of missile power. Seeing they would be overwhelmed, the Arabs turned in order and broke off the action. They were lucky to have escaped with their lives.

 

Meanwhile, the vanguard infantry was holding its own in the gorge, until a Rumi arrow hit their inexperienced commander and brought him down from his horse. His depleted bodyguard just broke and galloped in panic towards the rear. This proved to be the breaking point and all collapsed. Of the vanguard the only ones to have put up a fight were the heroic infantry who, after successfully stopping the Rumi cavalry, were eventually captured and were executed the following day. In the centre, the numerous bowmen were completely bewildered seeing a friendly unit charging one moment, an enemy one the next. They also mounted up and took to the rear.

The rearguard commander seeing the disaster ordered a full withdrawal. The survivors took what loot they could carry and ran, the enemy obviously being more concerned with rounding up prisoners.

 

Outcome

The Byzantines having lost over 800 light infantrymen and over 500 cavalrymen of all sorts, had received a bloody nose and had only succeeded because they had been facing mostly inexperienced Arab leaders. What was worse, the Frankish mercenaries without distinguishing themselves, had then demanded a very large cut from the loot.

Nevertheless, the losses on the Arab side were simply devastating. They had lost 1500 top quality heavy infantry, over 1000 devoted bodyguard cavalry, some 1000 light Bedouin lancers and more than 500 light javelinmen.

Some of them had still gotten away with some of the loot though…

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