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Programming Problem Solving Forms
Problem Analysis Chart | Structure Chart | IPO (Input, Processing and Output) Chart |
Writing Alogrithms | Drawing Flowcharts

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Problem Analysis Chart
Given Data
Required Results
Data given in the problem.  This information can be known values or general names for data, such as price, quantity, etc.
Requirements for the output reports.  This includes the information needed and the formate required.
Required Processing
Solution Alternatives
List of processing required.  This includes equations or other types of processing such as sorting, searching, and so forth.
List of ideas for the solution of the problem.

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Structure Chart
Control Module
top rectangle on the chart labeled 0000
Controls the processing of all the data. The chart is display in top-down method and it means that as you divide the problem into subtasks, they demonstrate the order in which processes will occur from the top to the bottom of the chart.
Subtask Module(s)
The next level of rectangles starting with the number 1000 and increases from left to right by increments of 1000.
Sublevel Module(s)
The next level of rectangles starting with increments of 100 as in 1100

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IPO (Input, Processing and Output) Chart
Input
Processing
Module Reference Number
Output
All input data that is mentioned in the first section of the problem analysis chart.
All processing information that is mentioned in the third and fourth sections of the problem analysis chart.
Module reference number from the structure chart.
All output requirements from sections one and two of the problem analysis chart.

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Writing Algorithms
Control Module
Name of Module
INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTION
end
exit

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Drawing Flowcharts
Flowchart Symbol
Explanation
Flowlines
Flowlines are indicated by straight lines with optional arrows to show the direction of the data flow.
Start
End/Stop/Exit
Flattened ellipses indicate the start and the end of a module.
Processing
The rectangle indicates a processing block, for such things as calculations, opening and closing files, etc.
Input/Output (I/O)
The parallelogram indicates input to and output from the computer memory.
Decision
The diamond indicates a decision with one entrance and two and only two exits (TRUE/FALSE) from the block
Process Module
Rectangles with lines down each side represent tasks that are processed in a different place in the program.
Automatic Counter Loop
The polygon indicates a loop with a counter starting with A (the beginning value) that is incremented by S (the incremented value) until the counter is greater than B (the ending value).
On-Page Connectors
Off-Page Connectors
Flowcharts sections can be connected with two different symbols (It is recommended to use these connectors as little as possible because overuse decreases readability and produces a cluttered effect versus enhancing readability).   The circle connects sections on the same page, and the home base plate symbol connects flowcharts from page to page.
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