Alkman appears to have come from Sardis in Lydia and was active in the seventh century BCE. His works were arranged into six books. This included the partheneia, hymns and prooimia. The language used in strongly Doric, with Aiolic and Homeric influences. One of the most important outcomes of Alkman's work is his portrayal of Spartan women.
'Do not judge the man by the gravestone. The tomb you see is small but holds the bones of a great man. For know that this is Alkman, supreme artist of the Lakonian lyre, who commanded the nine Muses. And twin continents dispute whether he is of Lydia or Lakonia, for the mothers of a singer are many.' --Antipatros of Thessalonike
His Poetry
I know the tunes, of every bird,
but I, Alkman, found my words and song in the tongue of the strident partridge.
Now chasms and mountain summits are asleep, and sierra slopes and ravines; creeping things nourished by the dark earth, hillside beasts and generations of bees, monsters in the depths of the purple brine, and also tribes of flying birds.
Often at night along the mountain tops, when gods are reveling by torch light, you came carrying a great jar (like the one shepherds use) but of heavy gold. You filled the jar with milk drawn from a lioness, and made a great cheese unbroken and gleaming white.
The dappled worm is the murderer within the eyes of blooming vines.
Dew, a child of moon and air, causes the deergrass to grow.
THE WHOLE CHOIR There is a vengeance from the gods, but happy is the man who weaves the fabric of his days with peace, and without tears.
AGIDO'S HALF-CHOIR But I sing of Agido's light. I see her like the sun who shines on us by order of Agido
HAGESICHORA'S HALF-CHOIR Our splendid leader will not have us praise or abuse her, for her brilliance is as if among a herd of cattle one had set a champion racehorse, sinewy, strong, with thunder-ringing hooves, a creature from a dream with wings. Do you see? The horse is Venetian, and the mane of our cousin Hagesichora is a blossom of purest gold, and below is her silver face. Can I tell you this more clearly? There you have Hagesichora. In beauty she may be second to Agido but she will run like a Skythian horse against a Lydian racer. For as we carry Orthria's plow so the Pleiades of dawn will rise and strive against us like the burning star of Sirios through the ambrosial night.
AGIDO'S HALF-CHOIR All our wealth of purple dye or the dappled snake of full gold about our wrist or our Lydian wimple that is the sweet glory of all these tender-eyed girls, no, nothing will keep them off. Not Nanno's soft braids, nor Areta's godlike beauty, neither Thylakis nor Kleesisera.
HAGESICHORA'S HALF-CHOIR You need not go to Ainesimbrota and say: let Astaphis be mine, have Philylla look my way, and Damareta and darling Ianthemis. For Hagesichora is our saviour. Is Hagesichora of the lovely ankles not right here with us?
AGIDO'S HALF-CHOIR Yes, she waits by our Agido and commends our ceremonies. O gods, receive our prayers, for you determine everything accomplished. My choir leader, I tell you I a girl shrieked in vain like an owl from the roof tops.
HAGESICHORA'S HALF-CHOIR But my great wish is to please the Lady of the Dawn who has healed our sore wounds. Only Hagesichora could give her girls the peace they desired.
THE WHOLE CHOIR A great chariot simply follows the course of its trace-horse; in a vessel all must swiftly heed the shouting of the helmsman, so our combined choir may not sing more sweetly than the Sirens-- for they are gods-- but how we sang, we ten girls with even one away! And her song is like a swan by the Xanthos river, and she with the splendor of her blond hair.
The girls fell to their knees, helpless-- like small birds under a hovering hawk.
The Rhipe mountain flowering with forests is the breast of black-flowing night.
Kastor and noble Polydeukes, you trainers of swift stallions, are extraordinary horsemen.
I pray to you, Hera, and bring you as my offering a delicate garland of marigold and galingale.
He is no boorish farmer or a clumsy pigkeeper or even a sheep-chaser. He was not born in Thessaly or Erysiche but in Sardis on the high hills.
Aphrodite commands and love rains upon my body and melts my heart for Megalostrata to whom the sweet Muse gave the gift of poetry. O happy girl of the goldenrod hair!
Get him that enormous caldron on the tripod so he can bloat his stomach with every food. It is cool but soon will boil with good soup which gobbler Alkman likes sparkling hot, especially in the cold season of the solstice. The glutton Alkman abstains from fancy dishes but like the demos eats a plain massive meal.
Seven couches and as many tables spread with poppy cakes and linseed and sesame, and among the wooden flagons were honey cakes for the young.
Three seasons were created: summer and winter and a third in autumn, and even a fourth--the spring-- when the fields are heavy with crops and a glutton still goes hungry.
I know the wine from the Five Hills, wine from Oinos or Denthiades or Karystos or wine of Ongola or Stathmi--unboiled, unfired wines of fine aroma.
She wears a gold chain made of slender petals of purple kalcha flowers.
Narrow is our way of life and necessity is pitiless.
The guilty man sat among pleasant things under a hanging rock, and from his chair he looked and then the vision faded.
You are from the beautiful island Kypros and from the sea-surrounded city Paphos.
It is not Aphrodite but riotous Eros who is playing like a child, scuttling down across the tips of meadow ferns. Please do not crush them.
I am your servant, Artemis. You draw your long bow at night, clothed in the skins of wild beasts. Now hear our beautiful singing.
O girls of honey-sweet voices, my limbs are weak. They will not bear me. I wish, ah, I were a carefree kingfisher flying over the flowering foam with the halcyons--sea-blue holy birds of spring.
Experience and Suffering are the mother of wisdom.
Muse of the round sky, daughter of Zeus, I sing my poems loud and clear to you.
Bright-shining.
The calm sea falls dumbly on the shore among a tangle of seaweed.